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Atrial Fibrillation (AF or AFib)

What is It?

Atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib) is an irregular and often rapid heartbeat caused by chaotic electrical signals in the upper chambers of the heart (the atria). It is the most common type of heart arrhythmia. Normally, the heart beats in a regular, coordinated rhythm, but in AFib, the atria quiver instead of contracting properly. AF affects approximately 2-4% of the Australian population, with prevalence rising significantly with age.

What are the symptoms?

Atrial fibrillation presents in many different ways. In some patients there are no symptoms and the discovery of AF is an incidental finding. The most common symptoms are palpitations, which are often rapid and irregular. Patients may feel tired, dizzy, short of breath or experience chest pains.

What are the causes?

At One Heart Centre our cardiologists screen for all causes of atrial fibrillation. AF is caused by damage to the heart’s electrical system, often stemming from underlying conditions. Triggers include:

  • Heart-related conditions: High blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart valve issues, and heart failure.
  • Medical conditions: Thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism), diabetes, and sleep apnea.
  • Lifestyle factors: Excessive alcohol, caffeine, smoking, stress and obesity.
  • Other factors: Infections, major surgery, dehydration, and stimulant medications.

How is it investigated?

Atrial fibrillation is primarily investigated using a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to confirm an irregular heart rhythm. Extended monitoring with Holter monitors (24 hours) is often used. At One Heart Centre we also provide longer heart monitoring (7-28 days, gap applies). Additional tests include an echocardiogram (ECHO) to assess your heart structure, blood tests and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (gap applies).

What are the treatments?

At One Heart Centre our cardiologists have post-fellowship training in managing atrial fibrillation and will provide a personalised treatment plan for your AF. Treatment options include:

  • Medical therapy: Medications such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. This is commonly the first line therapy for atrial fibrillation.
  • Catheter ablation: An invasive procedure to block the chaotic electrical signals. At One Heart Centre we have cardiologists who subspecialise in atrial fibrillation catheter ablation.
  • Stroke prevention: AF may increase your risk of stroke. With your One Heart Centre cardiologist, we will discuss your stroke risk and tailor prevention strategies, which may include anticoagulation or left atrial appendage closure devices.